Arabic numerals, a widely adopted system for representing numbers, hold a crucial position in the world of mathematics and communication. While often associated with the Arabic script, Arabic numerals are written from left to right, unlike the script itself which flows from right to left. This article explores the fundamentals of Arabic numerals, delving into both cardinal and ordinal numbers in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).
Cardinal Numbers in Arabic: Counting the Basics
Cardinal numbers signify quantity, answering the question “how many?” Arabic cardinal numbers, like their English counterparts, follow a systematic pattern. Here’s a table showcasing the Arabic numerals from 1 to 44, along with their English equivalents and the Arabic word for each number:
| Arabic Numeral | English Equivalent | Arabic Word |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | واحد (wāḥid) |
| 2 | Two | اثنان (ithnān) |
| 3 | Three | ثلاثة (thalātha) |
| 4 | Four | أربعة (arba’a) |
| 5 | Five | خمسة (khamsa) |
| 6 | Six | ستة (sita) |
| 7 | Seven | سبعة (saba’a) |
| 8 | Eight | ثمانية (thamāniya) |
| 9 | Nine | تسعة (tis’a) |
| 10 | Ten | عشرة (ʿashara) |
| 11 | Eleven | أحد عشر (aḥad ʿashar) |
| 12 | Twelve | اثنا عشر (ithnā ʿashar) |
| 13 | Thirteen | ثلاثة عشر (thalātha ʿashar) |
| 14 | Fourteen | أربعة عشر (arba’a ʿashar) |
| 15 | Fifteen | خمسة عشر (khamsa ʿashar) |
| 16 | Sixteen | ستة عشر (sita ʿashar) |
| 17 | Seventeen | سبعة عشر (saba’a ʿashar) |
| 18 | Eighteen | ثمانية عشر (thamāniya ʿashar) |
| 19 | Nineteen | تسعة عشر (tis’a ʿashar) |
| 20 | Twenty | عشرون (ʿishrūn) |
| 21 | Twenty-one | واحد وعشرون (wāḥid wa ʿishrūn) |
| 22 | Twenty-two | اثنان وعشرون (ithnān wa ʿishrūn) |
| 23 | Twenty-three | ثلاثة وعشرون (thalātha wa ʿishrūn) |
| 24 | Twenty-four | أربعة وعشرون (arba’a wa ʿishrūn) |
| 25 | Twenty-five | خمسة وعشرون (khamsa wa ʿishrūn) |
| 26 | Twenty-six | ستة وعشرون (sita wa ʿishrūn) |
| 27 | Twenty-seven | سبعة وعشرون (saba’a wa ʿishrūn) |
| 28 | Twenty-eight | ثمانية وعشرون (thamāniya wa ʿishrūn) |
| 29 | Twenty-nine | تسعة وعشرون (tis’a wa ʿishrūn) |
| 30 | Thirty | ثلاثون (thalāthūn) |
| 31 | Thirty-one | واحد وثلاثون (wāḥid wa thalāthūn) |
| 32 | Thirty-two | اثنان وثلاثون (ithnān wa thalāthūn) |
| 33 | Thirty-three | ثلاثة وثلاثون (thalātha wa thalāthūn) |
| 34 | Thirty-four | أربعة وثلاثون (arba’a wa thalāthūn) |
| 35 | Thirty-five | خمسة وثلاثون (khamsa wa thalāthūn) |
| 36 | Thirty-six | ستة وثلاثون (sita wa thalāthūn) |
| 37 | Thirty-seven | سبعة وثلاثون (saba’a wa thalāthūn) |
| 38 | Thirty-eight | ثمانية وثلاثون (thamāniya wa thalāthūn) |
| 39 | Thirty-nine | تسعة وثلاثون (tis’a wa thalāthūn) |
| 40 | Forty | أربعون (arba’ūn) |
| 41 | Forty-one | واحد وأربعون (wāḥid wa arba’ūn) |
| 42 | Forty-two | اثنان وأربعون (ithnān wa arba’ūn) |
| 43 | Forty-three | ثلاثة وأربعون (thalātha wa arba’ūn) |
| 44 | Forty-four | أربعة وأربعون (arba’a wa arba’ūn) |
Numbers higher than 44 are formed by combining the appropriate tens and units. For instance, 46 is written as “ستة وأربعون” (sita wa arba’ūn), meaning “six and forty.” This pattern holds true for all numbers beyond 44.
Ordinal Numbers: Indicating Position and Order
Ordinal numbers specify position or order within a sequence. In Arabic, ordinal numbers have distinct masculine and feminine forms, reflecting the grammatical nuances of the language. Let’s look at the ordinal numbers for the first 44 numbers:
| Arabic Numeral | English Equivalent (Masculine) | Arabic Word (Masculine) | English Equivalent (Feminine) | Arabic Word (Feminine) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | First | أول (awwal) | First | أولى (ūlā) |
| 2 | Second | ثاني (thānī) | Second | ثانية (thāniya) |
| 3 | Third | ثالث (thālith) | Third | ثالثة (thālithah) |
| 4 | Fourth | رابع (rābiʿ) | Fourth | رابعة (rābiʿah) |
| 5 | Fifth | خامس (khāmis) | Fifth | خامسة (khāmisa) |
| 6 | Sixth | سادس (sādis) | Sixth | سادسة (sādisah) |
| 7 | Seventh | سابع (sābiʿ) | Seventh | سابعة (sābiʿah) |
| 8 | Eighth | ثامن (thāmin) | Eighth | ثامنة (thāminah) |
| 9 | Ninth | تاسع (tāsiʿ) | Ninth | تاسعة (tāsiʿah) |
| 10 | Tenth | عاشر (ʿāshir) | Tenth | عاشرة (ʿāshirah) |
| 11 | Eleventh | حادى عشر (ḥādī ʿashar) | Eleventh | حادية عشرة (ḥādīyah ʿasharah) |
| 12 | Twelfth | ثاني عشر (thānī ʿashar) | Twelfth | ثانية عشرة (thāniyah ʿasharah) |
| 13 | Thirteenth | ثالث عشر (thālith ʿashar) | Thirteenth | ثالثة عشرة (thālithah ʿasharah) |
| 14 | Fourteenth | رابع عشر (rābiʿ ʿashar) | Fourteenth | رابعة عشرة (rābiʿah ʿasharah) |
| 15 | Fifteenth | خامس عشر (khāmis ʿashar) | Fifteenth | خامسة عشرة (khāmisa ʿasharah) |
| 16 | Sixteenth | سادس عشر (sādis ʿashar) | Sixteenth | سادسة عشرة (sādisah ʿasharah) |
| 17 | Seventeenth | سابع عشر (sābiʿ ʿashar) | Seventeenth | سابعة عشرة (sābiʿah ʿasharah) |
| 18 | Eighteenth | ثامن عشر (thāmin ʿashar) | Eighteenth | ثامنة عشرة (thāminah ʿasharah) |
| 19 | Nineteenth | تاسع عشر (tāsiʿ ʿashar) | Nineteenth | تاسعة عشرة (tāsiʿah ʿasharah) |
| 20 | Twentieth | عشرون (ʿishrūn) | Twentieth | عشرون (ʿishrūn) |
| 21 | Twenty-first | واحد وعشرون (wāḥid wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-first | واحدة وعشرون (wāḥidah wa ʿishrūn) |
| 22 | Twenty-second | اثنان وعشرون (ithnān wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-second | اثنتان وعشرون (ithnatān wa ʿishrūn) |
| 23 | Twenty-third | ثلاثة وعشرون (thalātha wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-third | ثلاث وعشرون (thalāth wa ʿishrūn) |
| 24 | Twenty-fourth | أربعة وعشرون (arba’a wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-fourth | أربع وعشرون (arbaʿ wa ʿishrūn) |
| 25 | Twenty-fifth | خمسة وعشرون (khamsa wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-fifth | خمس وعشرون (khams wa ʿishrūn) |
| 26 | Twenty-sixth | ستة وعشرون (sita wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-sixth | ست وعشرون (sit wa ʿishrūn) |
| 27 | Twenty-seventh | سبعة وعشرون (saba’a wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-seventh | سبع وعشرون (sabaʿ wa ʿishrūn) |
| 28 | Twenty-eighth | ثمانية وعشرون (thamāniya wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-eighth | ثمان وعشرون (thamān wa ʿishrūn) |
| 29 | Twenty-ninth | تسعة وعشرون (tis’a wa ʿishrūn) | Twenty-ninth | تسع وعشرون (tisʿ wa ʿishrūn) |
| 30 | Thirtieth | ثلاثون (thalāthūn) | Thirtieth | ثلاثون (thalāthūn) |
| 31 | Thirty-first | واحد وثلاثون (wāḥid wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-first | واحدة وثلاثون (wāḥidah wa thalāthūn) |
| 32 | Thirty-second | اثنان وثلاثون (ithnān wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-second | اثنتان وثلاثون (ithnatān wa thalāthūn) |
| 33 | Thirty-third | ثلاثة وثلاثون (thalātha wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-third | ثلاث وثلاثون (thalāth wa thalāthūn) |
| 34 | Thirty-fourth | أربعة وثلاثون (arba’a wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-fourth | أربع وثلاثون (arbaʿ wa thalāthūn) |
| 35 | Thirty-fifth | خمسة وثلاثون (khamsa wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-fifth | خمس وثلاثون (khams wa thalāthūn) |
| 36 | Thirty-sixth | ستة وثلاثون (sita wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-sixth | ست وثلاثون (sit wa thalāthūn) |
| 37 | Thirty-seventh | سبعة وثلاثون (saba’a wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-seventh | سبع وثلاثون (sabaʿ wa thalāthūn) |
| 38 | Thirty-eighth | ثمانية وثلاثون (thamāniya wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-eighth | ثمان وثلاثون (thamān wa thalāthūn) |
| 39 | Thirty-ninth | تسعة وثلاثون (tis’a wa thalāthūn) | Thirty-ninth | تسع وثلاثون (tisʿ wa thalāthūn) |
| 40 | Fortieth | أربعون (arba’ūn) | Fortieth | أربعون (arba’ūn) |
| 41 | Forty-first | واحد وأربعون (wāḥid wa arba’ūn) | Forty-first | واحدة وأربعون (wāḥidah wa arba’ūn) |
| 42 | Forty-second | اثنان وأربعون (ithnān wa arba’ūn) | Forty-second | اثنتان وأربعون (ithnatān wa arba’ūn) |
| 43 | Forty-third | ثلاثة وأربعون (thalātha wa arba’ūn) | Forty-third | ثلاث وأربعون (thalāth wa arba’ūn) |
| 44 | Forty-fourth | أربعة وأربعون (arba’a wa arba’ūn) | Forty-fourth | أربع وأربعون (arbaʿ wa arba’ūn) |
As you can see, ordinal numbers for numbers greater than 10 follow a similar pattern. The Arabic word for “forty” (أربعون) is used for both masculine and feminine forms of “fortieth.”
Pronunciation and Further Resources
While this article doesn’t provide audio recordings, you can find links to external resources where you can hear the pronunciation of Arabic numerals. These resources can be invaluable for mastering the sounds of Arabic and achieving accurate pronunciation.
There are numerous online resources and books available for those eager to delve deeper into the Arabic language and its number system. Exploring these resources can enhance your understanding of Arabic numerals and their role in the language.
Support and Contributions
This resource aims to be a comprehensive guide to Arabic numerals. If you find any errors or omissions, please feel free to contribute corrections, additions, or even audio recordings to make this resource even more helpful for others. Your contributions are highly appreciated and will help enrich the learning experience for all.
Navigating the world of Arabic numerals, with its unique system of writing and grammatical nuances, can be an enriching journey. By understanding the fundamentals of cardinal and ordinal numbers, you open the door to a deeper appreciation of the Arabic language and its rich history.
Frequently Asked Questions about 44 in Arabic
What is 44 in Arabic?
44 is written as أربعة وأربعون (arba’a wa arba’un) in Standard Arabic.
How do you write 44 in Arabic numerals?
44 is written as ٤٤ in Eastern Arabic numerals.
Is there another way to write 44 in Arabic?
Yes, 44 can be written as XLIV in Roman numerals.
How is 44 written using the Abjad system?
44 is represented by the combination of the letters د (Dal, representing 4) and م (Mim, representing 40) in the Abjad system.
- Arabic numerals are written from left to right, unlike the Arabic script.
- Arabic numerals are used for both cardinal and ordinal numbers.
- Numbers from 1 to 19 are listed individually in Arabic.
- Multiples of 10 are used to form numbers from 20 to 29.
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